Ukraine’s battlefield innovations are challenging Russia’s artillery, pushing it toward drones, ground robots, and new tactics to sustain battlefield fires.

Russia has lost around 1,341,110 troops in Ukraine since the beginning of its full-scale invasion, the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine reported on May 10.

The French Caesar artillery system has become one of Ukraine’s most dangerous long-range weapons, striking Russian positions with precision before disappearing again within minutes, while crews operate under constant threat from drones and counterbattery fire,