Case-control studies remain a cornerstone of observational epidemiology, enabling efficient investigation of associations between exposures and rare or costly outcomes. At their heart lies the careful ...

Observational study designs like cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional are the backbone of epidemiology, but each comes with unique strengths, limitations, and bias risks. Understanding these ...

As biomarker studies employ increasingly complex and expensive genomics and other correlative methods, it is increasingly important to rigorously design these studies and analyze the downstream ...

Congenital anomalies are structural or functional abnormalities that occur during intrauterine life and are major public health concern in low and middle income countries. Therefore, this study aimed ...

Bhattacharya attacked study's test-negative design, a staple of vaccine effectiveness rese ...

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently highlighted three case studies showing how sponsors can incorporate innovative study designs in their clinical trials using the agency’s Complex ...