Heart rate variability (HRV) is a known risk factor for mortality in both healthy and patient populations. There are currently no normative data for short-term measures of HRV. A thorough review of ...

A set of normal values of three-dimensional echocardiographic right ventricular volume and function was first established in a large Chinese population, which was significantly smaller than those ...

A urine protein-creatinine ratio (UPCR) test looks for high levels of protein in your urine, which can happen in kidney disease. Results that are higher than average may be a sign of a kidney-related ...

COPD requires regular monitoring through tests like spirometry to assess the condition’s severity and aid in an individualized treatment plan. COPD is a progressive lung condition that makes breathing ...

Whether significant reductions in LDL cholesterol and serum triglyceride levels will lead to significant reductions in coronary mortality when starting lipid values are "normal" is a multifaceted ...