In the revolution of 1688-1689, James VII and II had been overthrown. The English Parliament had invited his Protestant daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange to become joint monarchs.

15-24 (10 pages) This essay examines why England experienced a civil war every fifty years from the Norman Conquest up until the Glorious Revolution of 1688–1689, and was completely stable after that ...

In the revolution of 1688-1689, James VII and II had been overthrown. The supporters of the deposed King James VII and II became known as Jacobites. King William wanted Jacobite clans to swear ...