At its simplest, Raman spectroscopy is a light-scattering technique. When monochromatic light, usually from a laser, hits a sample, most of it returns unchanged. But a small portion scatters ...

The Nigerian Midstream and Downstream Petroleum Regulatory Authority (NMDPRA) has emphasised the importance of compliance with regulations in the oil and gas sector, particularly in the midstream and ...

Energy ETFs allow investment in a sector vital for the global economy, tracking indexes or under active management. Types of energy ETFs vary by focus area: upstream, midstream, downstream, integrated ...

Imperial Oil is a vertically integrated energy company operating in Canada. Its approach provides reliable long-term growth. Having both upstream and downstream operations means results can vary ...