What I’d stumbled upon was a chopper amplifier, a slightly ungainly and long superseded solution to the problem of DC amplification from the days before ubiquitous integrated circuit op-amps.

Despite the monolithic op amp being older than SPICE simulators, comprehensive op-amp SPICE modeling left a lot to be desired—until now. LTspice simulation of the K2-W Vacuum Tube Op Amp’s ...

The operational amplifier, or op amp, is one of the most basic building blocks used in analog circuits. Ever since single-chip op amps were introduced in the 1960s, thousands of different types ...

A developer has built a laser galvo-based vector display featuring a custom signal conditioning and thermal management system that leverages a low-cost galvanometer for high-speed vector rendering.