A government investigation found that efforts by Red Eléctrica de España, Spain's grid operator, to address a small instability in the system actually led to more severe issues, causing a self-reinforcing cascade where high voltages caused power plants to drop off the grid.

Spanish grid operator Redeia blamed power plants for the massive blackout that affected the Iberian peninsula in April, as it disputed a government report that said its failure to calculate the correct energy mix was a key factor.